ABSTRACT
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the biggest health care problem globally, it is responsible for the high rate of mortality worldwide which was commonly observed in developing countries. We tried to find the incidence of antimicrobial resistance in the tribal region of Chhattisgarh, India.Methods: It was an institutional based retrospective observational study. Out of 3389 samples from inpatient and outpatient department, a total number of 1676 cultured proven micro-organism were isolated from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018. SPSS v23 was used for descriptive analysis.Results: More than 75% of the samples collected from the inpatient department in which surgical IPD were significantly higher. The commonest isolated were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli, then Klebsiella species. Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was resistant to the majority of microorganism followed by 3rd generation cephalosporins then Co-trimoxazole.Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance was higher even in the tribal region. The incidence of AMR is increasing at an alarming rate. Microorganism targeted antimicrobial therapy with the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics and avoidance of broad-spectrum antibiotics will possibly overcome the antimicrobial resistance. There is also a need to strengthen laboratory or microbiology department to produce an accurate report to combat antimicrobial resistance.
ABSTRACT
Background: Irrational prescribing is a universal problem that may lead to inadequate response to medication therapy, poor patient compliance and increased adverse drug reactions ultimately leading to frequent hospital admissions. Hence this study was done to assess the drug utilization pattern using WHO core drug use indicators so that the recommendation can be made towards the rational prescribing.Methods: A sample of 3650 prescriptions was analysed prospectively to assess the drug utilization patterns in the dermatology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital of central south India.Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.74 whereas 79.26% drugs were prescribed by generic names. Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed was 18.68%. Regarding use of injections, 3.26% prescriptions contains one or more injections. Percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs list was 78.37%. Average consultation time was lower (2.9 minutes) than recommended.Conclusions: The data from the present study indicates that prevalence of polypharmacy, inadequate consultation and dispensing time along with poor patient’s knowledge are the areas of medication therapy to be improved. Availability of essential drugs and key drugs in stock should be improved to achieve rational therapeutic goal. Further, continued medical education regarding the rational prescribing will definitely improve the standards of health care delivery.